Design Recommendations for Immersive Virtual Reality Application for English Learning: A Systematic Review

The growing popularity of immersive virtual reality (iVR) technologies has opened up new possibilities for learning English. In the literature, it is possible to find several studies focused on the design, development, and evaluation of immersive virtual reality applications. However, there are no studies that systematize design recommendations for immersive virtual reality applications for English learning. To fill this gap, we present a systematic review that aims to identify design recommendations for immersive virtual reality English learning applications. We searched the ACM Digital Library, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Web of Science (1 January 2010 to April 2023) and found that 24 out of 847 articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified 18 categories of design considerations related to design and learning and a design process used to create iVR applications. We also identified existing trends related to universities, publications, devices, human senses, and development platforms. Finally, we addressed study limitations and future directions for designing iVR applications for English learning.