Interfacial Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement Mechanism of Polyester Yarn Bundled Geogrid for Retaining Structure

Polyester yarn bundle geogrids are widely used materials in flexible retaining structures due to their high toughness and high-strength mechanical properties. To investigate the mechanical characteristics and the interfacial mechanical properties of these geogrids, a series of pull-out tests were conducted under different pull-out rates and filling water contents. Based on the test results, a DEM-FDM coupled numerical model for pull-out behavior was established to analyze the pull-out deformation behavior of the geogrids. Combined with the theoretical analysis of the load-bearing characteristics of the geogrids, the reinforcement mechanism of polyester yarn bundle geogrids was revealed. The results show that there exists a critical pull-out rate of 1 mm/min that maximizes the pull-out resistance; the interface friction angle decreases with an increase in pull-out rate, while the interface cohesion shows an opposite trend. The filling water content presents a more significant weakening effect on the soil–geogrid interface strength under low stress, resulting in a strain-softening type of pull-out curve. Unlike fine-ribbed plastic geogrids, the sliding frictional resistance of polyester yarn bundle geogrids accounts for 80% of the total pull-out resistance during the pull-out process. The mechanical interlocking force, which arises from the bulges on the mid-section of transverse ribs and the downward bending of longitudinal rib edges, is subject to dynamic changes in the course of the pull-out process. The geogrid exhibits overall shear failure under low normal stress (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo><</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 200 kPa) and penetration shear failure under high normal stress (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≥</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 200 kPa). In practical engineering installation, polyester yarn bundle geogrids should be placed as parallel as possible to maximize the frictional resistance with filled soil and should take care of the geogrid joints for enhanced durability of the geogrids.