Using AI to Empower Norwegian Agriculture: Attention-Based Multiple-Instance Learning Implementation

Agricultural development is one of the most essential needs worldwide. In Norway, the primary foundation of grain production is based on geological and biological features. Existing research is limited to regional-scale yield predictions using artificial intelligence (AI) models, which provide a holistic overview of crop growth. In this paper, the authors propose detecting several field-scale crop types and use this analysis to predict yield production early in the growing season. In this study, the authors utilise a multi-temporal satellite image, meteorological, geographical, and grain production data corpus. The authors extract relevant vegetation indices from satellite images. Furthermore, the authors use field-area-specific features to build a field-based crop type classification model. The proposed model, consisting of a time-distributed network and a gated recurrent unit, can efficiently classify crop types with an accuracy of 70%. In addition, the authors justified that the attention-based multiple-instance learning models could learn semi-labelled agricultural data, and thus, allow realistic early in-season predictions for farmers.