BIF-RCNN: Fusing Background Information for Rotated Object Detection

Rotated object detection aims to achieve precise localization by strictly aligning bounding boxes with object orientations, thereby minimizing background interference. Existing methods predominantly focus on extracting intra-object features within rotated bounding boxes. However, these approaches often overlook the discriminative contextual information from the surrounding background, leading to classification ambiguity when internal features are indistinguishable. To address this limitation, we propose Background Information Fusion R-CNN (<b>BIF-RCNN</b>), a novel rotated object detection framework that strategically re-integrates the background context from the object’s horizontal enclosing region to validate its category, turning previously discarded “noise” into auxiliary discriminative cues. Specifically, we introduce a dual-level rotation-horizontal feature fusion module (<b>DFM</b>), which leverages horizontal bounding boxes enclosing the rotated objects to extract contextual background features. These features are then adaptively fused with the internal object features to enhance the overall representation capability of the model. In addition, we design a Prediction Difference and Entropy-Constrained Loss (<b>PDE Loss</b>), which guides the model to focus on hard-to-classify samples that are prone to confusion due to similar feature representations. This loss function improves the model’s robustness and discriminative power. Extensive experiments conducted on the DOTA benchmark dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Notably, our approach achieves up to a 4.02% AP improvement in single-category detection performance compared to a strong baseline, highlighting its superiority in rotated object detection tasks.