The clinical application progress of multimodal analgesia strategy in enhanced recovery after surgery: a narrative review

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment model based on evidence-based medicine. By optimizing the perioperative management strategy, we can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, minimize the physiological and psychological trauma stress reaction of patients, shorten the hospitalization period, and promote the functional recovery of patients. The diagnosis and treatment system integrates the advantages of surgery, anesthesiology, nursing, clinical nutrition and other disciplines, and constructs a whole process optimization path through preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management and postoperative rehabilitation, which fully embodies the patient-centered medical service concept. Postoperative pain, as a key factor affecting the rehabilitation process of patients, is closely related to the long-term quality of life of patients. Therefore, the optimization of pain management has become an indispensable and important part of eras. At present, multimodal analgesia (MMA) strategy has been widely recommended as the gold standard for postoperative pain management. This paper aims to review the latest research progress, clinical application strategies and future development direction of MMA in eras. It includes the theoretical basis, core drugs and technologies, application in different surgical fields, impact on patient prognosis, current challenges and future trends of MMA, and provides evidence-based basis for optimizing perioperative pain management.