Overview of the PI (2DoF) algorithm in wind power system optimization and control

Recent research generally reports that the intermittent characteristics of sustainable energy sources pose great challenges to the efficiency and cost competitiveness of sustainable energy harvesting technologies. Hence, modern sustainable energy systems need to implement a stringent power management strategy to achieve the maximum possible green electricity production while reducing costs. Due to the above-mentioned characteristics of sustainable energy sources, power management systems have become increasingly sophisticated nowadays. For addressing the analysis, scheduling, and control problems of future sustainable power systems, conventional model-based methods are completely inefficient as they fail to handle irregular electric power disturbances in renewable energy generations. Consequently, with the advent of smart grids in recent years, power system operators have come to rely on smart metering and advanced sensing devices for collecting more extensive data. This, in turn, facilitates the application of advanced machine learning algorithms, which can ultimately cause the generation of useful information by learning from massive data without assumptions and simplifications in handling the most irregular operating behaviors of the power systems. This paper aims to explore various application objectives of some machine learning algorithms that primarily apply to wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). In addition, an enhanced proportional integral (PI) (2DoF) algorithm is particularly introduced and implemented in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WECS to enhance the reliability of power production. The main contribution of this article is to leverage the superior qualities of the PI (2DoF) algorithm for enhanced performance, stability, and robustness of the WECS under uncertainties. Finally, the effectiveness of the study is demonstrated by developing a virtual reality in a MATLAB-Simulink environment.