Signs of the horse-breeding crisis in the Kabarda in the second half of the 19th century based on periodical press materials

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of horse breeding in the socio-economic life of Kabarda in the second half of the 19th century and the identification of signs of its crisis in the pages of the Russian periodicals of that time. The article examines the features of the development of horse breeding, its importance in the economic system of the region, as well as the direct and indirect influence of political and economic factors on this sector. Special attention is paid to the assessments of contemporaries reflected in the periodicals that covered the state of horse breeding, the analysis of the causes of its decline, and proposals for overcoming the crisis. The article identifies the factors of the decline of this industry, which the authors attribute to the reluctance of most horse breeders to use new methods of horse breeding and raising. Using the example of horse breeding, the article explores the process of transformation and modernization of traditional farming in the region during the land reform of the 1860s.