CONCEPT OF INVOLVING GASES IN THE FORMATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AVAILABILITY OF PLANT NUTRIENTS AND THE COURSE OF SOIL PROCESSES

The important role of gases in the planetary energy-mass exchange of the lithosphere with the atmosphere is determined, and attention is focused on the multifaceted mechanisms of gas exchange, especially under non-isothermal soil conditions. The conceptual principles of involving gases in ensuring the thermodynamic availability of plant nutrition, which emphasize the role of gases in a heterogeneous soil system, which is characterized by the presence of trapped air bubbles, are based on experimental data. Trapped soil air bubbles in the soil environment play the role of a distributed energy source when interacting with the thermodynamic parameters of the environment - temperature, atmospheric pressure and soil moisture content. The reaction of the soil capillary potential to a daily dynamics of external thermodynamic parameters has the nature of a self-oscillating process with a significant amplitude of the thermodynamic availability of the pore solution for plants. This turns the trapped air bubbles into centers of thermodynamic disequilibrium (CTD), acid centers of a certain strength (AC) and ecotone centers of soil biota. Thermodynamic accessibility is determined by the dynamics of soil heterogeneity, i.e. its energy saturation with surface types of energy, as well as by increasing matter mobility and intertransitions of different categories of soil absorption capacity. The functional parameters of the soil are determined by the gas composition of the soil atmosphere, where a special role belongs to carbon dioxide (CO2), as the main factor in maintaining soil homeostasis. Emphasis is placed on the fact that under natural conditions of soil functioning, the composition of the smallest bubbles is enriched with oxygen and nitrogen, and most importantly, the size of these bubbles becomes close to nanoradii, which gives them abnormal properties. Using the example of nanotechnologies with various gases, the possibility of targeted control of soil processes to increase the productivity and quality of plant products and ameliorative improvement of soils has been proven. The conclusion about the extremely high potential of integrating nanobubble technologies into ameliorative agriculture when using modern drip irrigation technologies has been made.