Unravelling the functions of knowledge communities in Spain's agri-food system: An examination of Operational Groups

This study analyses the functional diversity of EIP-AGRI Operational Groups (OGs) in Spain, focusing on their roles as innovation intermediaries. It seeks to identify intermediary functions and enabling conditions that support the achievement of innovative solutions in the agri-food sector. Based on a national survey of OGs, the study applies a mixed-methods design, combining hierarchical cluster analysis and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). The intermediary functions performed by OGs are classified into operational profiles, and key enabling factors are identified. Three distinct functional profiles emerged: Collaborative Leaders, Moderate Innovators, and Emerging Explorers. Human capital and consortium composition were identified as necessary conditions for successful innovation among advanced OGs. Moderate Innovators were characterised by the need for simplified administrative procedures and cost-effectiveness. Emerging Explorers displayed latent potential but required further capacity building. These results provide evidence for differentiated policy support, particularly for capacity building, simplification of procedures, and strategic partner selection.