Impact of BIM Adoption on Project Performance: The Mediating Role of Resource Efficiency and Moderating Role of Stakeholder Collaboration

Purpose: This research explores the effect of BIM adoption on project performance with the focus on the mediation of resource efficiency and the moderating factor of stakeholder work with each other. Through the combination of these essential aspects, the study will help to obtain a thorough insight into the possible ways of maximizing the use of resources, minimizing wastages, and enhancing the effectiveness of the construction projects with the use of BIM. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. The design is further enhanced by incorporating Hayes PROCESS Model 5, which enables simultaneous testing of mediation and moderation effects. Findings: Using a sample of 170 construction professionals and Hayes PROCESS Model 5, the study found that BIM adoption significantly improves resource efficiency and that resource efficiency, in turn, significantly improves project performance. Resource efficiency fully mediates the BIM → performance relationship; stakeholder collaboration did not moderate the direct path in this analysis. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings provide both theoretical refinement (process-mediated view of BIM) and concrete directions for practitioners and policymakers in developing economies like Pakistan. The results support a process-oriented view of BIM: BIM yields organizational capabilities (resource efficiency) that then drive performance. This empirical evidence strengthens RBV-type reasoning that treating BIM as a capability (or enabler of capabilities) is more insightful than viewing it as an isolated technological input. This study presents practical results through a quantitative analysis of how organizations can use BIM to achieve improved project deliverables. The result will add to both the academic literature and the industry practice in order to help stakeholders to achieve maximum benefits of implementing BIM.