Surface thickness water and ethanol

A theoretical model is proposed that allows one to determine the thickness of the surface layer of liquid R(I). For water and ethanol it turned out to be 1,1 nm. As a result, ethanol is unlimitedly soluble in water. Methyl acetate, benzene and toluene (R(I) of above 1,4 nm) form azeotropic mixtures with water. Glycerol, nitrobenzene and mercury (R(I) greater than 3 nm) are practically insoluble in water. From the proposed model, we can conclude that the surface layer of the liquid is a nanostructure with size effects. It is of interest that the thickness of the surface layer of water coincides with the thickness of the surface layer of iron, cobalt and nickel. The work of adhesion and elastic constants for water and ethanol, including Young’s modulus, were also found. It was established that the elasticity of water is only 100 times less than the elasticity of steel, i.e. water can be considered as an incompressible substance, and the internal friction in water is three times greater than in ethanol. It is also shown that the universal element of the geometry of spaces of liquid systems is the tetrahedron, which corresponds to sp3 hybridization of interatomic or intermolecular bonds.