DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting has evolved from voluntary disclosure to a strategic component of business practice, shaped by the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. This study systematically reviews literature published between 2017 and 2025, applying the PRISMA methodology to identify the determinants of CSR reporting across developed and developing economies. Results highlight that in developed countries, disclosure is driven by regulatory enforcement, strong governance, and stakeholder activism, whereas in developing countries it is shaped by institutional fragility and external pressures from NGOs and multinational partners. Common determinants, including firm size, stakeholder expectations, and financial performance, influence CSR across contexts. However, challenges such as symbolic compliance and greenwashing remain prevalent, particularly in less regulated environments. The paper contributes to academic and policy debates by clarifying cross-contextual differences, emphasizing the need for robust governance and verification tools, and offering practical implications for firms, regulators, and investors seeking to enhance reporting quality and sustainability outcomes.