Legal basis for regulating the movement of third-country nationals within the European Union

This article examines the legal mechanisms for regulating the migration of third-country nationals within the European Union, focusing on international legal norms and European standards. Globalization, changes in the composition of the EU Member States and the growth of migration flows create new challenges that require flexible and balanced approaches to migration management. The social, economic and humanitarian aspects of migration are considered, including its impact on the standard of living of the population, access to employment and education, security and respect for human rights and freedoms. Particular attention is paid to how a balance can be maintained between the effectiveness of migration control and compliance with the principles of humanity, proportionality and non-discrimination. These principles are particularly important in the context of the digitalization of border control and the automation of decision-making processes. The article emphasizes the legal status of third-country nationals as subjects of international law with the right to social integration and the protection of fundamental rights. Modern technologies for border control are analyzed, including the automated ETIAS and EES systems. While these systems improve the accuracy of forecasting migration flows, they also call into question compliance with international standards, in particular the principles of non-discrimination and proportionality. The importance of transparent complaint mechanisms and codes of ethics for the use of algorithms in migration management is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the social rights of migrants, their integration into the labor market and humane return procedures. The reform of the Single Work Permit Directive, which harmonizes national legislation with international employment standards, and proposals for a common return system that guarantees respect for human rights and prohibits collective expulsions are discussed. The practical significance of this article lies in the development of recommendations for improving EU migration policy, developing transparent and humane control and integration procedures that comply with international legal obligations and guarantee the protection of the rights and freedoms of each migrant.