The meaning and function of "spiritual authority" in Sufism From the beginning of the constitution to the end of the Pahlavi era

Spiritual authority is the highest degree of religious authority, which acquires its full meaning in Qutb. From the Sufi point of view, this position can be achieved by attaining spiritual positions. The claims of the Sufis on how to achieve this position, and the common ground they share with the jurists, have not only led to intense religious competition, but have also become an influential factor in the relationship between religion and politics. The concept of spiritual authority in Sufism can be explained in terms of indicators such as spiritual genealogy and the relationship between Murad (one who is sought) and Murid (a willing disciple).The question is how the "spiritual authority" of the Sufis changed the foundations of Sufism in terms of meaning and function, given the achievements of the Sufis due to their relations with the Qajar and Pahlavi governments. It is assumed that the concept of spiritual authority in Sufism is influenced by political and social conditions, from the approach of independence against the government and religious scholars in the previous centuries, towards convergence and unity with the government on the one hand, and tolerance with the Sharia law. He leaned on the other side.. While it continued to retain the spiritual mantle, in practice there were signs of attempts to gain worldly power.