The Role of Oljaitu in Urbanization Activities in the Ilkhanid Era

During the Ilkhanid period, although urbanization and architecture started with Holagu Khan, it flourished during Oljaitu’s riegn. He built four cities, namely, Sultanieh, Sultanabad, Chamchamal, Oljaitu Abad, and Aq’qaleh. Being aware of the necessities and needs of the Royal city and the capital, using the successful urbanization experiences of Qazan, inheriting a rich treasury, the existence of expert workforce and willing contractors encouraged Oljaitu's urbanism. Contrary to Qazan's period, when new cities formed adjacent to old ones, now the new cities were completely separate and independent. Oljaitu was a strict follower of Iranian- Islamic traditions in urbanization, and considered all the needs of citizens. Sultanieh is a perfect example of modern cities. Decree issued by the king for constructing a city, and a predetermined plan of city are among the noticeable aspects of urbanization during Oljaitu's reign. Using historical texts and architectural data, the present study presents a general view of urbanization during Oljaytu’s time and the influencing factors in urbanization.