环丙烯脂肪酸的降解方法及其在棉籽油中应用的研究进展Research progress on the degradation methods of cyclopropenoid fatty acids and their application in cottonseed oil

旨在为工业化生产中环丙烯脂肪酸（CPE-FAs）的高效降解提供理论依据与技术思路，系统综述了CPE-FAs的降解方法及降解机制，并阐述了这些降解方法在棉籽油中的应用。CPE-FAs的降解方法包括氧化、氢化、热处理、酸化和聚合、亲电加成（卤化、添加巯基化合物）、光照等，尽管上述方法均能实现CPE-FAs的降解，但均存在局限性，如氧化、氢化、卤化和添加酸性化合物等方法会破坏油脂营养成分，引入有毒化合物；光照和添加巯基化合物反应效率低或难以规模化等。目前，棉籽油的工业化精炼主要依赖高温脱臭实现CPE-FAs的热降解，但该方法无法将其彻底去除。因此，未来应积极探索一种适用于规模化生产，且能兼顾营养成分保留与降解效率的新型CPE-FAs降解技术。 Aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical insights for achieving efficient degradation of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPE-FAs) in industrial production, the degradation methods and mechanisms of CPE-FAs were systematically reviewed, with a focus on their application in cottonseed oil. Degradation methods for CPE-FAs include oxidation, hydrogenation, thermal treatment, acidification and polymerization, electrophilic addition(halogenation and addition of thiol compounds), and photolysis, etc. While all these methods can degrade CPE-FAs, they have limitations. For instance, oxidation, hydrogenation, halogenation, and the addition of acidic compounds can destroy the nutritional components of oils and introduce toxic compounds. Photolysis and the addition of thiol compounds exhibit low reaction efficiency or are difficult to scale up. Currently, industrial refining of cottonseed oil primarily relies on high-temperature deodorization to achieve thermal degradation of CPE-FAs, but this method cannot completely eliminate them. Therefore, future efforts should actively explore a novel degradation technology suitable for large-scale production that balances nutritional components retention with degradation efficiency.