花椒籽营养成分、提取工艺及其应用研究进展Research progress on nutrient composition, extraction process, and application of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds

为促进我国花椒籽资源的高值化利用及相关产品开发,系统概述了花椒籽的主要营养成分、油脂及蛋白的提取工艺及花椒籽的应用现状，并对花椒籽未来的研究方向进行展望。花椒籽富含油脂、蛋白质、粗纤维、挥发性物质及矿质元素等多种营养成分；花椒籽油的提取方法包括浸提法、超声辅助提取法、超临界CO2萃取法等，花椒籽蛋白的提取方法包括盐提法、碱溶酸沉法、Osborne分级提取法等；花椒籽主要应用于食品领域，也可应用于农业养殖、工业等领域。目前花椒籽应用仍存在利用率较低，深加工技术尚未普及，应用于饲料投入产出比低等问题。基于此，从个性化开发、绿色提取、新产品设计等角度，对实现花椒籽资源高值化利用的未来发展方向提出了建议。 In order to promote the high-value utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds and the development of related products in China, the main nutritional components, the extraction processes of oil and protein, and the current application status of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds were systematically reviewed, and the research directions of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds were outlined. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds are rich in various nutritional components, including oil, protein, crude fiber, volatile substances, and mineral elements. The extraction methods of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil include solvent extraction, ultrasonic - assisted extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, etc. The extraction methods of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed protein include salt extraction, alkali - soluble and acid - precipitation method, Osborne fractional extraction method, etc. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds are mainly used in the food field and can also be used in agricultural breeding, industry and other fields. At present, there are still some problems in the application of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, such as low utilization rate, unpopularized deep - processing technology, and low input-output ratio in feed application. Consequently, future research directions for achieving high-value utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds resources are proposed, with a focus on personalized development strategies, green extraction technologies, and novel prduct design.