An optimization method for active frequency regulation of renewable energy accounting for power fluctuations under spatiotemporal differences

The power fluctuations of renewable energy sources （RES） adversely affect their frequency regulation performance when participating in active frequency response （AFR）， while current assessment methods for RES frequency regulation capability remain inadequate. To address these challenges， this paper proposes an optimized AFR approach for RES based on distributed model predictive control （DMPC）. The proposed method employs Tube-based model predictive control （MPC） for RES units within fault-affected areas， while utilizing robust control barrier functions （RCBF） to constrain the control parameters of RES in non-fault zones. This integrated approach establishes an improved distributed MPC framework that ensures both conventional units and RES units can effectively perform AFR amidst renewable power fluctuations. Furthermore， the method determines the optimal load-shedding rate for RES to maintain sufficient power reserve and frequency regulation capacity， thereby formulating an executable AFR strategy. This approach enables practical implementation of RES-based AFR control. Simulation studies on an interconnected power system with high renewable penetration demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the AFR capability of renewable energy sources.