Micro-vibration monitoring and pre-warning technology for landslide and rockfall disasters

To address the challenge of achieving low cost, simplicity, and reliability in geological disaster monitoring and early warning, this study proposes a micro-vibration monitoring and pre-warning technology based on micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors. Focusing on the common “dynamic” precursors of geological disasters, such as displacement, tilt, and vibration, and adhering to the comprehensive sensing principle of “hazard source–transmission path–affected body”, a pre-warning algorithm based on multi-point anomaly intensity factors was developed. Additionally, a micro-vibration monitoring and warning device with edge computing capabilities was designed. The effectiveness of the technology was systematically validated through in-situ tests on unstable rock masses and large-scale physical model experiments of landslides. Experimental results demonstrate that the monitoring device can effectively detect weak precursor signals prior to rockfall and landslide instability. Leveraging its edge computing capability, the warning device achieves pre-warning judgments within seconds, significantly enhancing the timeliness and accuracy of warnings. The micro-vibration monitoring and warning device is suitable for monitoring and pre-warning slopes and embankments in mountainous areas, particularly around residential areas. When integrated with traditional monitoring and warning technologies, it enables refined risk prevention and control of geological disasters.