Non-Duality of Principle and Phenomena and Integration of Doctrinal Teaching and Chan Practice: Formal Continuity of Chinese Buddhist Ontology and Linguistic Conception in Chinese Buddhist Animation in Fujian and Taiwan

Due to the contemporary trend of "Humanistic Buddhism" in China, the spread of the Buddhist culture has exhibited peculiar propensities of modernization and secularization. Since the 1990s, Fujian and Taiwanese Buddhist animations have had a broad impact on Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and other Chinese diaspora communities. In the present context, the ideals of "Non-Duality of Principle and Phenomena" and "Integration of Doctrinal Teaching and Chan Practice", in Chinese Buddhist tradition, are vividly reflected in these effects. It has a transitional spectrum from "the sacred" to "the secular": not only is it subjected to traditional iconography and pattern plots, but also formal adjustments to the specifics of audiovisual media. It means the different traditions of audiovisual media have variations, especially those which prepare animation. Moreover, in the protracted mediation of, on the one hand, "Principal" as compared to "Phenomena", on the other hand, "speech" as compared to "Chan", there have gradually arisen three principal forms of Buddhist animations, including Scriptural Animation, Doctrinal Animation and Buddha-nature Animation. Submission: 17/11/2025 – Decision: 15/12/2025 – Revision: 21/1/2026 – Publication: 30/1/2026