Advances in diagnosis and treatment for diabetic foot

Diabetic foot is often accompanied by vascular and neural damage, infections, and inflammation, which interact to hinder wound healing. The current treatment methods include debridement, infection control, vascular repair, pressure reduction, moist dressings, and blood glucose management. Despite these efforts, challenges such as ischemia, infection, neuropathy, and metabolic issues can lead to slow healing, even tissue necrosis and severe infections, with amputation as a last resort. Theres a clear need for innovative diagnostic and treatment methods of diabetic foot. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in this field. First, the application of new noninvasive imaging, molecular biomarkers, artificial intelligence and machine learning, new wearable devices, remote monitoring and genetic research will contribute to the early detection and accurate diagnosis of diabetic foot. Secondly, the treatment progress of biomaterials and regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, new drugs and delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, artificial intelligence and digital health can provide more comprehensive treatment options, allowing drugs to reach the site of infection more precisely, reducing systemic side effects, and providing new options for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Future research will focus on seeking more effective and personalized treatment strategies.