La question de la tolérance civile dans les Encyclopédies du XVIIIᵉ siècle

Initially designating a lesser evil, tolerance relieves itself of its negative charge to gain a positive dimension, acquired at the time of the crise de la conscience européenne, of which the men of the 18th century are heirs. Like happiness, it is one of the key words of the Enlightenment which encyclopedias do not fail to seize. However, the success of this notion does not overshadow the ambiguity it carries within it. Reading the entry “Tolerance” of the three major encyclopaedias of the time, those of Diderot and d'Alembert, De Felice and Panckoucke, testifies to this plural understanding. It appears sometimes as an essential virtue that the statesman must hasten to adopt, sometimes as a dangerous principle with subversive potential that the sovereign must beware of. English Title: The Question of Civil Tolerance in the Encyclopedias of the 18th Century: A study of the "Tolerance" Articles by Jean-Edme Romilly, Élie Bertrand and Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier Keywords: History of French Encyclopedism, History of Tolerance, Civil Tolerance, Enlightenment, History of State Knowledge