Solar-Based Electric Vehicle Charging with Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter and Proportional-Integral Control Algorithm

As electric vehicle adoption accelerates, the development of sustainable and efficient charging infrastructure is essential. This study presents a novel electric vehicle charging system that integrates solar photovoltaic energy with an energy storage system using a bidirectional buck-boost converter. The converter enables energy flow in both directions between the energy storage system and the electric vehicle, allowing flexible operation under varying energy availability. A control framework combining maximum power point tracking and proportional-integral control is implemented to regulate power flow and enhance system stability. MATLAB-based analysis evaluates system performance under different operational scenarios. Results show that the integration of an energy storage system reduces dependence on grid electricity while maintaining charging efficiency. The bidirectional buck-boost converter achieves high efficiency in both charging and discharging modes, enabling optimal energy utilization across solar, storage, and electric vehicle components. This work contributes to the advancement of smart and renewable-based electric vehicle charging infrastructure by improving energy flexibility, reliability, and sustainability.