A Retrospective Cohort Study on Health Examination of Elderly Population in Huangpu District, Guangzhou

Background The aging of Chinese society has intensified, and the health of the elderly is a matter of great concern. As a densely populated and economically active area, the health of the elderly population in Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, is particularly important to the social and economic development of the local community. Therefore, regular monitoring and assessment of the health of the elderly population in Huangpu District can help identify potential health problems, prevent and control chronic diseases, and improve health literacy and self-care ability. Objective This study collects data on health checkups of the elderly population in Huangpu District and establishes a retrospective cohort to gain an in-depth understanding of the health status of the elderly population in the district, the influencing factors of diseases, and to provide reasonable suggestions for the development of targeted health interventions to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Methods Physical examination data were collected from 2019-2021 from Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, who participated in community health checkups and were≥65 years old, and the study involved basic information, history of living habits, auxiliary examinations, laboratory tests, and history of previous illnesses of the study subjects. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of the diseases. Results A total of 17 412 study subjects were included in the analysis of this study. In the "baseline-follow-up" cohort, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the prevalence of exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, blood creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ｃ), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Differences in terms of were statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of developing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or CKD at follow-up in the cohort population was 3.07%, 7.25%, 21.92%, and 6.00%, respectively. In participants with new-onset chronic disease at follow-up, 45.63% had comorbidities. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis: Risk factors for the prevalence of hypertension included age, pulse rate, and BMI; glomerular filtration rate and HDL-C were protective factors. Risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus included age, systolic blood pressure, and BMI; and HDL-C was the main protective factor (P<0.05). Risk factors for dyslipidemia include systolic blood pressure. Risk factors for the development of CKD include age, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides (P<0.05) ; HDL-C was a protective factor (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher among the study population in the present study, followed by diabetes mellitus and CKD. Multiple chronic diseases predominantly suffer from both diseases. Age, systolic blood pressure, and BMI were the main risk factors for the development of chronic diseases among the elderly people who participated in the physical examination in this study. In response to the analysis, it is recommended to make full use of the health records based on the optimization of information technology, implementation of targeted interventions, leveraging community strengths as well as strengthening health education and health promotion to improve the health of the elderly.