Toward an efficient sea-rail intermodal transportation system: a systematic literature review

Abstract Effective ground transportation modes linkage with the seaport plays a crucial role in facilitating smooth cargo movement from marine transportation mode to the inland areas and vice versa. Unlike road transportation, rail linkage is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option. Inadequate sea rail connectivity within the seaport hampers cargo movement speed and impacts overall port capacity. This systematic review places emphasis on sea rail intermodal transportation at the seaport. The review categorizes and analyses previous research contributions to the sea-rail intermodal transportation system, and is organized into five categories: performance evaluation, problem-solving methodologies, planning issues, factors affecting sea rail intermodal transportation, and enhancement strategies within the context of sea rail intermodal transportation. The study discerns current research patterns and identifies gaps within the existing literature while also offering insights into potential future research avenues.