Implant displacement to the maxillary sinus– a retrospective multicenter cohort study and a management protocol

Abstract Purpose This study aims to investigate the potential complication of implant displacement into the maxillary sinus, exploring its etiology and various management strategies, while proposing a systematic approach for clinicians to effectively address this evolving complication. Materials and methods This retrospective multi-center cohort study evaluated patients with dental implant migration into the maxillary sinus treated between 2010 and 2023 at two Israeli medical centers. Data included demographics, symptoms, clinical findings, and treatment modalities. Results 32 patients (mean age: 62.3 years) were analyzed, with a notable incidence of sinusitis and oroantral fistulas. 91% required surgical intervention, predominantly Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (63%). The majority of displacements occurred during the implantation process, often correlating with clinical symptoms. Conclusion As shown in our study, displacement of implants into maxillary sinus, often leads to sinusitis and oroantral fistula. A proposed treatment algorithm emphasizes surgical intervention, particularly Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, based on symptoms and clinical signs.