First initiative to develop a standard methodology for the evaluation of Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits in different settings against targeted mosquito vectors: a methodological review

Abstract Background Vector-borne diseases remain a major global health problem, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. Effective vector control is crucial for controlling vector borne diseases (VBDs). Over the years various vector control tools and strategies have been employed globally. However, the recent challenges including insecticide-resistant, alterations in vector behaviour, and non-target effects have highlighted the need for novel vector control tools and alternate strategies. One such tool is the Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs), which uses the sugar-seeking habit of adult mosquitoes. The ATSB strategy operates on an “attract and kill” approach, where mosquitoes are lured to the bait and to feed on sugar combined with an insecticide. For this, a standard methodology needs to be developed for a uniform evaluation of ATSBs. Results The ATSB vector control strategy has shown promising results in studies carried out in various parts of Africa and the Middle East on controlling populations of mosquito species. Although numerous experiments have been conducted and are ongoing in various countries, there remains a lack of standardized guidelines for evaluating ATSBs. In 2023, the ICMR along with partners drafted the 3rd edition of Common Protocols for evaluating public health vector control products. The revised edition included a trial methodology for ATSB. Taking this into consideration, the phase-wise standard methodology is presented in this review for the uniform evaluation of different formulations/products of ATSBs. Conclusions The methodologies, outlined in this article will serve as the standard methodology for testing ATSB formulations/products under laboratory conditions (Phase I), small-phase (Phase II), and large-phase field trial (Phase III) conditions.