Preconception care use and associated factors among HIV positive reproductive age women attending ART clinics at public hospitals in the Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia: a mixed method approach

Abstract Background Globally, the HIV pandemic makes preconception care even more crucial due to the additional risks for sexual and vertical transmission of HIV. However, there is limited evidence on the utilization of preconception care among high-risk women in Ethiopia. The purpose of this research is to assess preconception care utilization and associated factors among HIV-positive women of reproductive age who attend ART clinics in public hospitals in the Hadiya zone of Southern Ethiopia in 2023. Methods A cross-sectional study design employing a mixed methods approach was used among 297 study participants from July 1-Semptember 1, 2022. Data were collected by pretested structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 25. Logistic regression, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was computed, and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were analyzed using open code version 4.03. Results This study revealed that 19.9% (95%Cl: 15.4, 24.2) of study participants use preconception care. Women’s autonomy (AOR = 3.65; 95% CI: 1.14, 11.68;P = 0.03), knowledge of PCC (AOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.13, 8.22; P = 0.001), getting family/husband support (AOR = 4.06; 95% CI: 1.56, 10.53;P = 0.022), discussions with healthcare providers (AOR = 5.60; 95% CI: 2.26, 13.90;P = 0.002), availability of room for PCC (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI: 1.38, 10.31;P = 0.009), getting all laboratory services (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.61, 10.94; P = 0.002), and history of medical problems (AOR = 2.94; 95% CI: 11.01, 8.62;P = 0.036) were significantly associated with PCC use. Conclusion The level of PCC use in the current study area is low. Women’s autonomy, knowledge of PCC, obtaining support from family or husband, engaging in discussions with healthcare providers, having access to a PCC room, access to all laboratory services, and having a history of medical problems are significantly associated with PCC use. Our findings suggest integrating PCC into routine HIV care, boosting women’s autonomy, and integrating family support with healthcare providers.