“The association of cardiometabolic diseases and related medications with cognitive performance: a cross-sectional observational study from Central Poland”

Abstract Introduction Global ageing, the rising prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and dementia becomes increasingly important public health topic. This relation has evoked extensive research efforts aimed at finding the link between cardiovascular health and cognitive decline. Cardiometabolic medications, widely prescribed for their beneficial effects on vascular health, are being closely examined for their potential influence on cognitive health and their capacity to modify the risk of dementia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1735 individuals from Central Poland were investigated on cardiometabolic diseases, treatments, and cognitive function. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) dichotomized to ≥ 24 points and < 24 points. Results The logistic regression revealed a strong association between age (OR:1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.08, p < 0.001) and stroke (OR:1.43, 95% CI 1.30–1.84, p < 0.001) with worse MMSE dichotomized score. Similarly, insulin usage was linked to an increased risk of low MMSE (OR:1.33, 95%CI: 1.06–1.73, p = 0.008). In contrast, BMI (OR:0.96, 95%CI 0.94–0.98, p = 0.001), lipid disorders (OR:0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.92, p = 0.01), use of calcium channels blockers (OR:0.71, 95% CI 0.48–0.94, p = 0.04), alpha-blockers (OR:0.54, 95% CI 0.23–0.86, p = 0.004) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.29–0.83, p = 0.001), were associated with normal cognitive functions (R2 = 0.08, p < 0.001). Conclusions The results present the complex connection between cardiometabolic disorders, their treatment and cognitive functioning. The research highlights the necessity for a tailored approach in prescribing cardiovascular medications, considering their potential link with cognitive health. Especially the role of angiotensin II receptor antagonists merits further studies.