Study on the correlation between Vitamin D levels and patients with BPPV comorbid with anxiety and depression

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) comorbid with anxiety and depression and to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on treatment outcomes in this population. Methods: A prospective interventional design was employed, including 162 patients with BPPV comorbid with anxiety and depression and 139 healthy controls. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured at the initial visit, and anxiety and depression scores (HAM-D and HAM-A) were assessed. Patients in the experimental group received oral vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day) daily. After 3 months, the frequency of BPPV recurrences and anxiety–depression symptoms (HAM-D, HAM-A scores) were re-evaluated. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with anxiety and depression scores. After vitamin D supplementation, the number of BPPV recurrences significantly decreased, and anxiety and depression scores significantly improved in the experimental group. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with lower baseline vitamin D levels exhibited a more significant response to treatment. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the occurrence of BPPV comorbid with anxiety and depression symptoms. Vitamin D supplementation, as an adjunct to repositioning maneuvers, may improve outcomes in this population.