Interleukin‐37 promotes wound healing in diabetic mice by inhibiting the MAPK/NLRP3 pathway

ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a prevalent complication of diabetes characterized by heightened inflammation and impaired wound‐healing processes. Interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) is a natural suppressor of innate inflammation. Here, we aim to investigate the potential of IL‐37 in enhancing the healing process of diabetic wounds. Materials and Methods The skin samples of DFU and non‐diabetic patients during foot and ankle orthopedic surgery were collected. The IL‐37 transgenic mice (IL‐37Tg) were created using CRISPR/Cas‐mediated genome engineering. Mice were administered streptozotocin (STZ, 150 mg/kg) to induce a diabetic model. After 4 weeks, an equidistant full‐thickness excisional wound measuring 8 mm was created on the central back of each mouse and allowed to heal naturally. Body weight and blood glucose levels were measured weekly. The wound area was measured, and skin samples were collected on Day 10 for further Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and WB detection and RNA sequencing analysis. Results The proinflammation cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β and the MAPK signaling pathway were significantly increased in the wound margin of DFU patients. Compared with diabetic mice, diabetic IL‐37Tg mice showed a significantly accelerated healing process. The enriched signaling pathways in RNA sequencing included cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, and NOD‐like receptor signaling pathway. Through QPCR and WB detection, we found that IL‐37 could inhibit the activated MAPK and NOD‐like signaling pathway, reducing TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and NLRP3 expression in the diabetic wound. Conclusions IL‐37 promotes skin wound healing in diabetic mice, providing a new possible target for treating diabetic wounds.