Assessing GHG Emissions Implications of Forest Residue Use for Energy Production

ABSTRACT As global interest in enhancing energy security, reducing energy costs, and promoting rural economic development grows, the use of forest residues for bioenergy has gained attention. While bioenergy derived from forest residues can help meet power needs and support policy goals, significant uncertainty remains regarding the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with their production and use. This study aims to explore the key drivers of these uncertainties by reviewing estimates of GHG emissions from forest residue use for energy, as presented in peer‐reviewed journals, reports, and gray literature. The findings reveal a wide range of GHG emission outcomes, with some studies suggesting net emissions and others indicating net removals. This uncertainty stems from the complexity of time scales, variety of forest management approaches and feedstock quality, assumptions about alternative scenarios, and varying approaches to emissions accounting. Recognizing that each method has its unique attributes, we propose an ideal framework that integrates multiple approaches to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the potential net GHG outcomes of using forest residues for energy.