ZVS-Optimized Constant and Variable Switching Frequency Modulation Schemes for Dual Active Bridge Converters

This paper proposes two modulation schemes for Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters, with the aim of maximizing Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) operation over a wide operational range. The first is a ZVS-optimized constant frequency modulation scheme, constructed based on the boundary conditions of ZVS operation. This scheme maximizes the number of ZVS events across a broad operational range and is easy to implement. Additionally, a variable frequency modulation scheme is proposed, enabling continuous full ZVS operation for the DAB converter at full power and eliminating the loss of ZVS due to transitioning between modulation regions. This functionality extends the full ZVS range, yielding improved Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) performance and overall power efficiency. The synergy of the proposed modulation schemes is particularly well-suited for applications like off-board Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. Experimental validation, conducted on an 11-kW DAB converter prototype with an output voltage range of 250 V to 950 V, demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed schemes in achieving ZVS and boosting converter efficiency.