A Computer Controlled Phase and Magnitude Self-Calibration Methodology for Phased Array Antennas

A circuit-based calibration system is presented for active phased arrays. In particular, to achieve the desired (and corrected) consecutive phase differences and relative magnitudes between RF channels, a computer controlled circuit system was developed for dynamic adjustment. The proof-of-concept demonstrator uses a phase sensor, phase shifters (PSs), and variable gain amplifiers, along with other active hardware, to realize a self-calibrating circuit system which achieves the required magnitude and phase for each array element. In addition, measured magnitude and phase imbalances are less than 0.10 dB and 3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The computer-controlled feed network is then used to demonstrate that the system can automatically calibrate an active antenna array for various beam steering examples. Also, the S-band feed system can self-calibrate due to any monitored magnitude and phase drifts due to temperature changes and practical component ageing, or, other general channel offsets. This can be considered advantageous and simpler when compared to more established approaches which characterize the coupling between elements or the response of the entire array in the near- or far-field for example.