A Systematic Literature Review on Tackling Cyber Threats for Cyber Logistic Chain and Conceptual Frameworks for Robust Detection Mechanisms

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has significantly transformed the cyber logistic chain through advancements in automation, fueled by the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite these innovations, increased connectivity has brought new vulnerabilities, such as issues with trust, open networks, and insufficient security measures, which have led to a surge in cybercrime, including ransomware attacks. This study has systematically reviewed 61 studies published between 2015 and 2024, sourced from six significant databases, to examine cybersecurity challenges and solutions in the cyber supply chain (CSC). This review has highlighted critical confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) issues while evaluating preventive strategies and access control mechanisms. To address these challenges, this study introduces the CyberChainGuard framework that incorporates access control mechanisms, blockchain technology, and the Clark-Wilson model to combat ransomware and strengthen CSC security. The findings aimed to provide a benchmark for researchers and practitioners by offering actionable insights that could enhance cybersecurity in the digital logistics chain.