A missed opportunity: faith leaders and the HPV vaccination effort in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Cervical cancer causes morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is crucial for cervical cancer prevention, yet the vaccination rates remain suboptimal in Ethiopia. Studies identified cultural and religious factors as key barriers. While evidence suggests that faith leaders can effectively promote public health interventions, their potential role in HPV vaccination efforts has largely been overlooked and remains inadequately understood. Objective This study aimed to explore the perspectives of faith leaders in Addis Ababa to identify factors influencing HPV vaccination among girls. Methods This study employed qualitative methods, using in-depth interviews with purposively selected faith leaders. The faith leaders employed by the Inter-Religious Counsel of Ethiopia (IRCE) were excluded. A total of 13 faith leaders participated in the interviews. The 5C framework informed the data collection tool, and data analysis was conducted using inductive reflexive thematic analysis (RTA). Result Faith leaders are navigating between modern medicine and their religious beliefs, face distrust of Western vaccine aid intentions and local HPV vaccine providers, and receive fragmented or inconsistent information. These challenges make it difficult for them to act as champions for the vaccination, but with clear, well-organized information, there is an opportunity to involve them more effectively. Conclusion Faith leaders face several challenges that limit their role in promoting HPV vaccination. This study recommends providing clear, culturally relevant materials and communication strategies to support faith leaders and their communities. With these tools, faith leaders have the opportunity to engage and become effective advocates for the elimination of cervical cancer.