Review of Geographic Information Technology Applications in Disaster Prevention and Mitigation for Urban Infrastructure

Against the backdrop of global urbanization and climate change, traditional disaster prevention and mitigation models struggle to address the increasingly complex risks to urban infrastructure. This paper reviews the applications of Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Remote Sensing (RS)in urban disaster management. It illustrates how these technologies complement each other through point-based positioning, spatial analysis, and wide-area monitoring across the entire disaster lifecycle. Research indicates that GPS provides precise spatiotemporal reference points, GIS enables multi-source information integration and analysis, and RS facilitates dynamic monitoring. The deep integration of these technologies constructs an intelligent closed-loop management system covering risk early warning, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery. This system significantly enhances the proactivity, accuracy, and systematic capacity of disaster management, thereby promoting a shift from reactive to proactive prevention and control. This study provides both a theoretical foundation and practical pathways for building resilient cities and intelligent disaster prevention and mitigation systems.