Frequency stabilization of a hybrid three‐area power system equipped with energy storage units and renewable energy sources

Abstract This paper presents a three‐area system tied together with tie lines. During the intervals of power mismatch, the system frequency deviates beyond the nominal value with an oscillatory response and the system may go to instability mode. The main purpose of the control strategy is optimizing the frequency fluctuations of the three areas and the deviations in the three tie line powers. This is achieved by three controllers as follows: the Tilt‐Integral‐Derivative (TID) controller, the Fractional Order Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (FOPID), and the Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controller. The three controllers are optimized by a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the jellyfish behaviour in the ocean called the Jellyfish Search (JS) Optimizer. To prove the algorithm validity, it is compared with previous optimization techniques that have been applied to the study field such as Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Furthermore, renewable energy sources are implemented in the system such as wind energy and photovoltaic based on real data. Finally, energy storage devices (ESDs) like superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), capacitor energy storage (CES), and battery energy storage (BES) are implemented to improve the system behaviour due to the intermittent behaviour in the renewable sources.