An adaptive distance protection back‐up scheme for transmission lines connected to doubly fed induction generator wind farms based on setting groups procedure

Abstract Generally, wind speed alters continuously during a day and leads to fluctuating output power of a wind farm (WF). Connecting such a WF to the transmission line of grid causes a malfunction in the performance of the backup zone of the distance relays due to the random nature of generation and the number of connected wind turbines (WF penetration). In this study, a new adaptive setting groups‐based method has been proposed to set the second zone of the distance relay in the grid with a WF equipped with a doubly fed induction generator. In this method, the authors have also taken into account the uncertainty of wind fluctuations and the availability of WT. A Markov model is developed to implement these features. To determine the impedance setting of each of the set groups of the second zone in the distance relays of the remote bus, the obtained impedances are clustered in four clusters by using the combination of K‐means and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Finally, the details of the analysis results of this issue have been compared with other methods available in the literature. The validity and accuracy of the proposed approach also have been assayed and confirmed.