Serological detection and epidemiological analysis of HBV among butchers in Khartoum State

Abstract This study aims to detect the presence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) among butchers in Khartoum State, Sudan, using serological methods. The objectives include determining the frequency of HBV infection, identifying associated risk factors, exploring the association between positive HBV results and previous jaundice, and comparing the infection rates between vaccinated and non-vaccinated butchers. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to March 2023, encompassing 385 butchers from various localities in Khartoum State. Data were collected through structured interviews and blood samples, which were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study revealed that 3.1% (12/385) of the butchers tested positive for HBsAg. No significant associations were found between HBsAg positivity and factors such as age, marital status, educational level, previous occupation, knife-sharing, or surgical history. However, a significant association was identified between HBsAg positivity and years of butchery experience, with newer butchers (< 1 year) showing higher infection rates (p = 0.005). Notably, all HBsAg-positive individuals were unvaccinated. The study highlights a significant prevalence of HBV among butchers in Khartoum State, underscoring the need for enhanced public health interventions. The absence of vaccination in all HBsAg-positive cases highlights critical gaps in preventive measures. Recommendations include targeted education and training programs, increased vaccination coverage, and regular health screenings to mitigate the risk of HBV infection in this high-risk occupational group. These interventions are essential to reduce HBV transmission and improve occupational health standards.