A novel green biosynthesis approach and structural characterization of Ag–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using the red alga Galaxaura rugosa

Abstract A novel green and eco-friendly approach has been used to biosynthesize Ag–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag–FeBNPs) by using the water extract of the red alga species; Galaxaura rugosa. The surface plasmon resonance band of Ag–FeBNPs is positioned at 327 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) illustrated the crystalline nature of biogenic nanoparticles with average diameters of 32.6 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) showed that the particles have a crystalline spherical shape with a size range from 19.95 to 37.11 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive analysis (EDAX) give the surface morphology and elemental composition of Ag–FeBNPs, which are spherical in high intensity. Fourier transmittance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed various stretching vibrations at 3421, 1598, 1384, 1035, and 865 cm−1. These findings suggest that biomolecules play a crucial role in forming and stabilizing Ag–FeBNPs. Zeta potential values show − 16.1 mV. This study demonstrates the promising future of Ag–FeBNPs for nanobiotechnology and nanoscience, offering an environmentally friendly and simple approach for nanoparticles biosynthesizing. In addition, the synthesized Ag–FeBNPs exhibit properties that make them suitable for potential applications in biomedical fields, environmental remediation, and catalysis.