Infectious intestinal diseases elevate neurodegenerative disease risk based on a nationwide population-based cohort study

Abstract Infectious intestinal diseases (IIDs) pose a significant health and economic burden worldwide. Recent observations at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, suggest a potential association between IIDs and neurodegenerative diseases, prompting an investigation into this relationship. This study explored interactions between IIDs and neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort analysis using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Patients diagnosed with IIDs between 2000 and 2015 were identified along with a matched control group. Covariates, including demographics, comorbidities, and healthcare utilization were considered. The hazard ratios (HRs) of neurodegenerative diseases were assessed using a Cox proportional regression analysis. This study included 297,438 patients: 99,146 and 198,292 patients in the IID and control groups, respectively. Patients with IIDs showed a significantly higher overall risk of neurodegenerative diseases (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.144, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed an elevated risk of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegeneration-associated disorders in the study group. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the frequency of medical visits for IIDs and neurodegenerative disease risk. This study provides evidence for a significant association between IIDs and the neurodegenerative disease risk. Early detection and management of IIDs may have implications for long-term neurological health outcomes. Further research is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions and preventive strategies.