DOAJ Open Access 2025

Retinoblastoma with and without Extraocular Tumor Extension

Swathi Kaliki, MD Vijitha S. Vempuluru, MD Ido Didi Fabian, MD Ido Didi Fabian, MD Elhassan Abdallah, MD +476 lainnya

Abstrak

Purpose: To study the treatment and outcomes of children with retinoblastoma (RB) with extraocular tumor extension (RB-EOE) and compare them with RB without extraocular tumor extension (RB-w/o-EOE). Design: Multicenter intercontinental collaborative prospective study from 2017 to 2020. RB-EOE cases included those with overt orbital tumor extension in treatment-naive patients. Cases with microscopic orbital extension detected postenucleation were excluded from the study. Participants: A total of 319 children with RB-EOE and 3116 children with RB-w/o-EOE. Intervention: Chemotherapy, enucleation, exenteration, radiotherapy. Main Outcome Measures: Systemic metastasis and death. Results: Of the 3435 RB patients included in this study, 309 (9%) were from low-income countries (LIC), 1448 (42%) from lower-middle income, 1012 (29%) from upper-middle income, and 666 (19%) patients from high-income countries. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of RB-EOE and national income level, with 96 (31%) patients from LIC, 197 (6%) lower-middle income, 20 (2%) upper-middle income, and 6 (1%) patients from high-income countries (P = 0.0001). The outcomes were statistically significant for RB-EOE compared with RB-w/o-EOE: systemic metastasis (32% vs. 4% respectively; P = 0.0001) and metastasis-related death (63% vs. 6% respectively; P = 0.0001). Multimodal treatment was the most common form of treatment (n = 177; 54%) for RB-EOE, with most cases undergoing a combination of intravenous chemotherapy and enucleation (n = 97; 30%). Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after surgery (enucleation/orbital exenteration) was given in only 68 (21%) cases. Kaplan–Meier analysis for systemic metastasis and metastasis-related death in RB-EOE was 28% and 57% at 1 year, 29% and 60% at 2 years, and 29% and 61% at 3 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk of death from RB-EOE was greater in patients aged >4 years than <2 years (hazard ratio, 2.912; P < 0.001) and for unimodal (surgery or intravenous chemotherapy) and bimodal (surgery and intravenous chemotherapy) treatment than trimodal treatment (surgery, intravenous chemotherapy, and EBRT) (hazard ratio, 2.023; P = 0.004 and hazard ratio, 1.819; P = 0.027, respectively). Conclusions: Retinoblastoma with extraocular tumor extension is associated with a higher risk of metastasis and death. Patients with RB-EOE are likely to benefit from trimodal treatment (intravenous chemotherapy, surgery, and EBRT) rather than treatment protocols excluding EBRT. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Ophthalmology

Penulis (481)

Swathi Kaliki, MD

Vijitha S. Vempuluru, MD

Ido Didi Fabian, MD

Elhassan Abdallah, MD

Shehu U. Abdullahi, MD

Rula A. Abdulqader, MD

Aminatu A. Abdulrahaman, MD

Sherif Abouelnaga, MD

Dupe S. Ademola-Popoola, FMCOph, FWACS

Adedayo Adio, FWACS

Mahmoud A. Afifi, MD

Armin R. Afshar, MD

Priyanka Aggarwal, MD

Ada E. Aghaji, FMCOph MSc

Alia Ahmad, MRCPCH UK

Marliyanti N.R. Akib, MD

Adeseye M. Akinsete, MBBS

Lamis Al Harby, MD

Saleh A. Al Mesfer, MD

Mouroge H. Al Ani, MD

Silvia Alarcón Portabella, MD

Safaa A.F. Al-Badri, MD

Ana Patricia A. Alcasabas, MD

Saad A. Al-Dahmash, MD

Amanda Alejos, MD

Ernesto Alemany-Rubio, MD

Amadou I. Alfa Bio, MD

Yvania Alfonso Carreras, MD

Christiane E. Al-Haddad, MD

Hamoud H.Y. Al-Hussaini, MD, MSc

Amany M. Ali, MD

Donjeta B. Alia, MD

Mazin F. Al-Jadiry, MD

Usama Al-Jumaly, MD

Hind M. Alkatan, MD

Charlotta All-Eriksson, MD, PhD

Ali A.R.M. Al-Mafrachi, FIBMS

Argentino A. Almeida, MD

Khalifa M. Alsawidi, MD

Athar A.S.M. Al-Shaheen, MD

Entissar H. Al-Shammary, MD

Doreen Amankwaa-Frempong, MBChB

Primawita O. Amiruddin, MD

Inggar Armytasari, MD

Nicholas J. Astbury, FRCS, FRCOphth

Hatice T. Atalay, MD

Eda Ataseven, MD

La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, MD

Rose Atsiaya, OCO

Rudolf Autrata, MD, PhD

Julia Balaguer, MD, PhD

Ruhengiz Balayeva, PhD

Honorio Barranco, MD, PhD

Paulina Bartoszek, MD

Katarina Bartuma, MD, PhD

Covadonga Bascaran, MD, MSc

Nikolaos E. Bechrakis, MD

Maja Beck Popovic, MD

Ainura S. Begimkulova, MD

Sarra Benmiloud, MD

Rokia C. Berete, MD, PhD

Jesse L. Berry, MD

Anirban Bhaduri, MD

Sunil Bhat, MBBS, MD

Arpita Bhattacharyya, MD

Eva M. Biewald, MD

Elaine Binkley, MD

Sharon Blum, MD

Nadia Bobrova, MD

H. Culver Boldt, MD

Maria Teresa B.C. Bonanomi, MD, PhD

Gabrielle C. Bouda, MD

Hédi Bouguila, MD, PhD

Rachel C. Brennan, MD

Bénédicte G. Brichard, MD, PhD

Jassada Buaboonnam, MD

Aléine Budiongo, MD

Matthew Burton, FRCOphth

Patricia Calderón-Sotelo, MD

Doris A. Calle Jara, MD

Jayne E. Camuglia, FRANZCO

Miriam R. Cano, MD, MSc

Michael Capra, FRCPI

Shani Caspi, MD

Nathalie Cassoux, MD, PhD

Guilherme Castela, MD

Luis Castillo, MD

Jaume Català-Mora, MD, PhD

Isabel Caviedes, MD

Arthika Chandramohan, MD

Guillermo L. Chantada, MD, PhD

Shabana Chaudhry, MD

Bhavna Chawla, MD

Wensi Chen, MD

Faraja S. Chiwanga, MSc

Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, MD, PhD

Krzysztof Cieslik, MD

Antony Clark, FRANZCO

Ruellyn L. Cockcroft, MB ChB , M Med Paed

Codruta Comsa, MD

Maria G. Correa Llano, MD

Timothy W. Corson, PhD

Line Couitchere, MD

Kristin E. Cowan-Lyn, MD, MBBS

Monika Csóka, MD, PhD

Wantanee Dangboon, MD

Anirban Das, MD

Pranab Das, MD

Sima Das, MS

Jacquelyn M. Davanzo, BSN, BSPH

Alan Davidson, MBChB, MPhil

Sonia De Francesco, MD

Patrick De Potter, MD, PhD

Karina Q. Delgado, MD, PhD

Hakan Demirci, MD

Laurence Desjardins, MD

Rosdali Y. Diaz Coronado, MD

Helen Dimaras, PhD

Andrew J. Dodgshun, M Phil

Carla R. Donato Macedo, MD

Monica D. Dragomir, MD, PhD

Yi Du, MD

Magritha Du Bruyn, MD

Johannes P. Du Plessis, MMed (Paed)

Gagan Dudeja, MBBS, MS

Katrin Eerme, MD

I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, MD

Asmaa El Kettani, MD

Amal M. Elbahi, MD

James E. Elder, MBBS

Alaa M. Elhaddad, MD, PhD

Moawia M.A. Elhassan, MD

Mahmoud M. Elzembely, MD

Connor Ericksen, MD

Vera A. Essuman, FWACS

Ted Grimbert A. Evina, MD

Ifeoma R. Ezegwui, FMCOph, FWACS, FAEH

Zehra Fadoo, MBBS

Adriana C. Fandiño, MD

Mohammad Faranoush, MD

Oluyemi Fasina, FWACS

Delia D.P.G. Fernández, MSc

Ana Fernández-Teijeiro, MD, PhD

Allen Foster, FRCOphth

Shahar Frenkel, MD, PhD

Ligia D. Fu, MD

Soad L. Fuentes-Alabi, MD, MPH

Juan L. Garcia, MSc

David García Aldana, MD

Henry N. Garcia Pacheco, MD

Jennifer A. Geel, MBChB, MMed

Fariba Ghassemi, MD

Ana V. Girón, MD

Marco A. Goenz, MD

Aaron S. Gold, OD

Hila Golberg, MD

Glen A. Gole, MD, FRANZCO

Nir Gomel, MD

Efren Gonzalez, MD

Graciela Gonzalez Perez, MD

Liudmira González-Rodríguez, MD

Malka Gorfine, PhD

Jaime Graells, MD

Pernille A. Gregersen, MD

Nathalia D.A.K. Grigorovski, MD

Koffi M. Guedenon, MD

D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, MD

Ahmet K. Gündüz, MD

Himika Gupta, MD

Sanjiv Gupta, MS

Vineeta Gupta, MD

Theodora Hadjistilianou, MD

Patrick Hamel, MD

Syed A. Hamid, FCPS

Norhafizah Hamzah, MSc

Eric D. Hansen, MD

J William Harbour, MD

M. Elizabeth Hartnett, MD

Murat Hasanreisoglu, MD

Sadiq Hassan, MD, FWACS

Shadab Hassan, FRCS, FCPS

Wojciech Hautz, MD

Huda A. Haydar, CHD

Stanislava Hederova, MD

Laila Hessissen, MD

Hoby Lalaina, MD

Suradej Hongeng, MD

Diriba F. Hordofa, MD

G. Baker Hubbard, MD

Marlies Hummlen, MD

Kristina Husakova, MD

Allawi N. Hussein Al-Janabi, MD

Affiong A. Ibanga, MB.BCh, FMCOph

Russo Ida, MD

Vesna R. Ilic, MD

Ziyavuddin Islamov, MD

Vivekaraj Jairaj, DNB

Teyyeb A. Janjua, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd

Irfan Jeeva, FRCOphth

Xunda Ji, MD

Dong Hyun Jo, MD, PhD

Michael M. Jones, MD, PhD, FRANZCO

Theophile B. Amani Kabesha, MD, PhD

Rolande L. Kabore, MD

Swathi Kaliki, MD

Abubakar Kalinaki, MD

Pius Kamsang, MD

Mehmet Kantar, MD

Noa Kapelushnik, MD

Tamar Kardava, PhD

Rejin Kebudi, MD

Jonny Keomisy, MD

Tomas Kepak, MD

Petra Ketteler, MD

Zohora J. Khan, MD

Hussain A. Khaqan, MD

Vikas Khetan, FRCS, FACS

Alireza Khodabande, MD

Zaza Khotenashvili, MD

Jonathan W. Kim, MD

Jeong Hun Kim, MD, PhD

Hayyam Kiratli, MD

Tero T. Kivelä, MD

Artur Klett, MD, PhD

Irem Koç, MD

Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet, MD

Dalia Krivaitiene, MD, PhD

Mariana Kruger, Mmed Paed, PhD

Kittisak Kulvichit, MD

Mayasari W. Kuntorini, MD

Alice Kyara, BA

Geoffrey C. Lam, FRANZCO

Scott A. Larson, MD

Slobodanka Latinović, MD, PhD

Kelly D. Laurenti, MD

Yotam Lavi, MD, PhD

Alenka Lavric Groznik, MD

Amy A. Leverant, MD

Cairui Li, MD

Kaijun Li, MD

Ben Limbu, MD

Chun-Hsiu Liu, MD

Quah Boon Long, FRCS (Ed), MMed ( Ophth), FAMS

Juan P. López, MD

Robert M. Lukamba, MD

Sandra Luna-Fineman, MD

Delfitri Lutfi, MD

Lesia Lysytsia, MD

Shiran Madgar, MD

George N. Magrath, MD

Amita Mahajan, MD

Puja Maitra, MD

Erika Maka, MD

Emil K. Makimbetov, MD

Azza M.Y. Maktabi, MD

Carlos Maldonado, MD

Ashwin Mallipatna, MD

Rebecca Manudhane, MD

Lyazat Manzhuova, MD

Nieves Martín Begue, MD, PhD

Sidra Masud, MBBS

Ibrahim O. Matende, MD, M. Med (Oph)

Clarissa C.D.S. Mattosinho, MD

Marchelo Matua, BAPH

Ismail Mayet, MD

Freddy B. Mbumba, MD, MMed Paed

John D. McKenzie, MD

Azim Mehrvar, MD

Aemero A. Mengesha, MD

Vikas Menon, MD

Gary John V.D.D. Mercado, MD

Marilyn B. Mets, MD

Edoardo Midena, MD, PhD

Audra Miller, MD

Divyansh K.C. Mishra, DNB

Furahini G. Mndeme, MD

Ahmed A. Mohamedani, FRCPath

Mona T. Mohammad, MD, FRCS

Annette C. Moll, MD, PhD

Margarita M. Montero, MD

Claude Moreira, MD, PhD

Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS

Mchikirwa S. Msina, MMed Ophth

Gerald Msukwa, MMed Ophth

Sangeeta S. Mudaliar, DNB Pediatric

Hassan Muhammad, MD

Kangwa I. Muma, MMed Ophth, FCOphth

Francis L. Munier, MD

Timothy G. Murray, MD, MBA

Kareem O. Musa, FWACS, FMCOphth, FICO

Asma Mushtaq, MD

Anne A. Musika, MD

Hamzah Mustak, MD

Tajudeen Mustapha, MBBS, FWACS

Okwen M. Muyen, MD

Khumo H. Myezo, Msc

Gita Naidu, MMed Paed, PhD

Natasha Naidu, MBCHB, FCS Ophthalmol

Akshay Gopinathan Nair, MD

Sundaram Natarajan, FRCS

Larisa Naumenko, MD, PhD

Paule Aïda Ndoye Roth, MD PhD

Yetty M. Nency, MD

Vladimir Neroev, MD, PhD

Yvonne Ng, MBChB ( Auckland) , FRANZCO

Marina Nikitovic, MD, PhD

Elizabeth D. Nkanga, FMCOph

Henry E. Nkumbe, MD

Marcel N. Numbi, MD

Kalle Nummi, MD

Murtuza Nuruddin, FRCS

Mutale Nyaywa, MD, MMed Ophth, FCOphth

Chinsisi Nyirenda, MD

Ghislaine Obono-Obiang, MD

Scott C.N. Oliver, MD

Joaquin Ooporto, MD

Miriam Ortega-Hernández, MD

Alexander Oscar, MD

Diego Ossandon, MD

Halimah Pagarra, MD, PhD

Vivian Paintsil, FWACP

Luisa Paiva, MD

Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, FRCSED

Ruzanna Papyan, MD

Raffaele Parrozzani, MD, PhD

Claudia R. Pascual Morales, MD

Katherine E. Paton, MD, FRCSC

Jacob Pe'er, MD

Jesús Peralta Calvo, MD

Sanja Perić, MD, PhD

Chau T.M. Pham, MD

Remezo Philbert, MD

David A. Plager, MD

Pavel Pochop, MD, PhD

Rodrigo A. Polania, MD

Vladimir Polyakov, MD

Jimena Ponce, MD

Ali O. Qadir, MD

Seema Qayyum, FCPS

Jiang Qian, MD

Ardizal Rahman, MD

Purnima Rajkarnikar, MD

Rajesh Ramanjulu, MD

Aparna Ramasubramanian, MD

Marco A. Ramirez-Ortiz, MD, MPH

Jasmeen K. Randhawa, BA

Léa Raobela, MD

Riffat Rashid, MS

M. Ashwin Reddy, FRCOphth

Lorna A. Renner, FRCPCH (UK)

David Reynders, MD

Dahiru Ribadu, FMCOph

Petra Ritter-Sovinz, MD

Anna Rogowska, MD

Duangnate Rojanaporn, MD

Livia Romero, MD

Soma R. Roy, DCO

Raya H. Saab, MD

Svetlana Saakyan, MD, PhD

Ahmed H. Sabhan, MD

Mandeep S. Sagoo, FRCS (Ed)

Azza M.A. Said, MD

Rohit Saiju, MD

Beatriz Salas, MD

Sonsoles San Román Pacheco, MD

Gissela L. Sánchez, MD

Alma Janeth Sanchez Orozco, MD

Phayvanh Sayalith, MD

Trish A. Scanlan, MRCPI, MSc

Christoph Schwab, MD

Ahad Sedaghat, MD

Rachna Seth, DNB MNAMS

Mariana Sgroi, MD

Ankoor S. Shah, MD, PhD

Shawkat A. Shakoor, MS

Manoj K. Sharma, MD

Sadik T. Sherief, MD

Carol L. Shields, MD

David Sia, MB ChB, FRANZCO

Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, MD

Sidi Sidi cheikh, MD, PhD

Sónia Silva, MD

Arun D. Singh, MD

Usha Singh, MS

Penny Singha, MD

Rita S. Sitorus, MD, PhD

Alison H. Skalet, MD, PhD

Hendrian D. Soebagjo, MD, PhD

Tetyana Sorochynska, MD, PhD

Grace Ssali, MD

Andrew W. Stacey, MD

Sandra E. Staffieri, PhD

Erin D. Stahl, MD

David M. Steinberg, PhD

David K. Stones, MBChB, FCPaed

Caron Strahlendorf, MD

Maria Estela Coleoni Suarez, MD

Sadia Sultana, FCPS

Xiantao Sun, MD

Rosanne Superstein, MD

Eddy Supriyadi, MD, PhD

Supawan Surukrattanaskul, MD

Shigenobu Suzuki, MD, PhD

Karel Svojgr, MD, PhD

Fatoumata Sylla, MD

Gevorg Tamamyan, MD, PhD

Deborah Tan, MBBS

Alketa Tandili, MD, PhD

Jing Tang, MD

Fanny F. Tarrillo Leiva, MD

Maryam Tashvighi, MD

Bekim Tateshi, MD, PhD

Kok Hoi Teh, MD

Edi S. Tehuteru, MD

Luiz F. Teixeira, MD

Manca Tekavcic Pompe, MD, PhD

Abdullah Dahan M. Thawaba, MD

Tuyisabe Theophile, MSc

Helen Toledano, MBChB

Doan L. Trang, MD

Fousseyni Traoré, MD

Devjyoti Tripathy, MD

Samuray Tuncer, MD

Harba Tyau-Tyau, MD

Ali B. Umar, MD, FMCPath

Emel Unal, MD

Ogul E. Uner, BA

Steen F. Urbak, MD, PhD

Tatiana L. Ushakova, MD

Rustam H. Usmanov, MD

Sandra Valeina, MD

Paola Valente, MD

Milo van Hoefen Wijsard, MD

Jacqueline Karina Vasquez Anchaya, MD

Leon O. Vaughan, FRCS (Ed)

Nevyana V. Veleva-Krasteva, MD, PhD

Nishant Verma, MD

Andi A. Victor, MD, PhD

Maris Viksnins, MD

Edwin G. Villacís Chafla, MD

Victor M. Villegas, MD

Victoria Vishnevskia-Dai, MD

Keith Waddell, DM, FRCP, FRCS, FRCOphth

Amina H. Wali, MD, FMCOph Nigeria

Yi-Zhuo Wang, MD

Nutsuchar Wangtiraumnuay, MD, FICO

Julie A. Wetter, MMed Rad Onc, FCRad Onc

Widiarti P. Riono, MD

Matthew W. Wilson, MD

Amelia D.C. Wime, MD

Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, MD

Damrong Wiwatwongwana, MD

Charlotte Wolley Dod, MD

Emily S. Wong, FCOphth HK, FHKAM

Phanthipha Wongwai, MD, PhD

Si-qi Wu, MSc

Daoman Xiang, MD, PhD

Yishuang Xiao, MSc

Bing Xu, MD

Kang Xue, MD

Antonio Yaghy, MD

Jason C. Yam, FRCSEd

Huasheng Yang, MD

Jenny M. Yanga, MD

Muhammad A. Yaqub, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd

Vera A. Yarovaya, MD

Andrey A. Yarovoy, MD, PhD

Huijing Ye, MD

Roberto I. Yee, MD

Yacoub A. Yousef, MD

Putu Yuliawati, MD

Arturo M. López, MD

Ekhtelbenina Zein, MD

Yi Zhang, MD, PhD

Katsiaryna Zhilyaeva, MD

Nida Zia, MBBS, MCPS

Othman A.O. Ziko, MD, PhD

Marcia Zondervan, MBA

Sabrina Schlüter, MD

Richard Bowman, FRCOphth

Format Sitasi

APA MLA BibTeX

MD, S.K., MD, V.S.V., MD, I.D.F., MD, I.D.F., MD, E.A., MD, S.U.A. et al. (2025). Retinoblastoma with and without Extraocular Tumor Extension. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2024.100637

@article{md2025, author = {Swathi Kaliki, MD and Vijitha S. Vempuluru, MD and Ido Didi Fabian, MD and Ido Didi Fabian, MD and Elhassan Abdallah, MD and Shehu U. Abdullahi, MD and Rula A. Abdulqader, MD and Aminatu A. Abdulrahaman, MD and Sherif Abouelnaga, MD and Dupe S. Ademola-Popoola, FMCOph, FWACS and Adedayo Adio, FWACS and Mahmoud A. Afifi, MD and Armin R. Afshar, MD and Priyanka Aggarwal, MD and Ada E. Aghaji, FMCOph MSc and Alia Ahmad, MRCPCH UK and Marliyanti N.R. Akib, MD and Adeseye M. Akinsete, MBBS and Lamis Al Harby, MD and Saleh A. Al Mesfer, MD and Mouroge H. Al Ani, MD and Silvia Alarcón Portabella, MD and Safaa A.F. Al-Badri, MD and Ana Patricia A. Alcasabas, MD and Saad A. Al-Dahmash, MD and Amanda Alejos, MD and Ernesto Alemany-Rubio, MD and Amadou I. Alfa Bio, MD and Yvania Alfonso Carreras, MD and Christiane E. Al-Haddad, MD and Hamoud H.Y. Al-Hussaini, MD, MSc and Amany M. Ali, MD and Donjeta B. Alia, MD and Mazin F. Al-Jadiry, MD and Usama Al-Jumaly, MD and Hind M. Alkatan, MD and Charlotta All-Eriksson, MD, PhD and Ali A.R.M. Al-Mafrachi, FIBMS and Argentino A. Almeida, MD and Khalifa M. Alsawidi, MD and Athar A.S.M. Al-Shaheen, MD and Entissar H. Al-Shammary, MD and Doreen Amankwaa-Frempong, MBChB and Primawita O. Amiruddin, MD and Inggar Armytasari, MD and Nicholas J. Astbury, FRCS, FRCOphth and Hatice T. Atalay, MD and Eda Ataseven, MD and La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, MD and Rose Atsiaya, OCO and Rudolf Autrata, MD, PhD and Julia Balaguer, MD, PhD and Ruhengiz Balayeva, PhD and Honorio Barranco, MD, PhD and Paulina Bartoszek, MD and Katarina Bartuma, MD, PhD and Covadonga Bascaran, MD, MSc and Nikolaos E. Bechrakis, MD and Maja Beck Popovic, MD and Ainura S. Begimkulova, MD and Sarra Benmiloud, MD and Rokia C. Berete, MD, PhD and Jesse L. Berry, MD and Anirban Bhaduri, MD and Sunil Bhat, MBBS, MD and Arpita Bhattacharyya, MD and Eva M. Biewald, MD and Elaine Binkley, MD and Sharon Blum, MD and Nadia Bobrova, MD and H. Culver Boldt, MD and Maria Teresa B.C. Bonanomi, MD, PhD and Gabrielle C. Bouda, MD and Hédi Bouguila, MD, PhD and Rachel C. Brennan, MD and Bénédicte G. Brichard, MD, PhD and Jassada Buaboonnam, MD and Aléine Budiongo, MD and Matthew Burton, FRCOphth and Patricia Calderón-Sotelo, MD and Doris A. Calle Jara, MD and Jayne E. Camuglia, FRANZCO and Miriam R. Cano, MD, MSc and Michael Capra, FRCPI and Shani Caspi, MD and Nathalie Cassoux, MD, PhD and Guilherme Castela, MD and Luis Castillo, MD and Jaume Català-Mora, MD, PhD and Isabel Caviedes, MD and Arthika Chandramohan, MD and Guillermo L. Chantada, MD, PhD and Shabana Chaudhry, MD and Bhavna Chawla, MD and Wensi Chen, MD and Faraja S. Chiwanga, MSc and Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, MD, PhD and Krzysztof Cieslik, MD and Antony Clark, FRANZCO and Ruellyn L. Cockcroft, MB ChB , M Med Paed and Codruta Comsa, MD and Maria G. Correa Llano, MD and Timothy W. Corson, PhD and Line Couitchere, MD and Kristin E. Cowan-Lyn, MD, MBBS and Monika Csóka, MD, PhD and Wantanee Dangboon, MD and Anirban Das, MD and Pranab Das, MD and Sima Das, MS and Jacquelyn M. Davanzo, BSN, BSPH and Alan Davidson, MBChB, MPhil and Sonia De Francesco, MD and Patrick De Potter, MD, PhD and Karina Q. Delgado, MD, PhD and Hakan Demirci, MD and Laurence Desjardins, MD and Rosdali Y. Diaz Coronado, MD and Helen Dimaras, PhD and Andrew J. Dodgshun, M Phil and Carla R. Donato Macedo, MD and Monica D. Dragomir, MD, PhD and Yi Du, MD and Magritha Du Bruyn, MD and Johannes P. Du Plessis, MMed (Paed) and Gagan Dudeja, MBBS, MS and Katrin Eerme, MD and I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, MD and Asmaa El Kettani, MD and Amal M. Elbahi, MD and James E. Elder, MBBS and Alaa M. Elhaddad, MD, PhD and Moawia M.A. Elhassan, MD and Mahmoud M. Elzembely, MD and Connor Ericksen, MD and Vera A. Essuman, FWACS and Ted Grimbert A. Evina, MD and Ifeoma R. Ezegwui, FMCOph, FWACS, FAEH and Zehra Fadoo, MBBS and Adriana C. Fandiño, MD and Mohammad Faranoush, MD and Oluyemi Fasina, FWACS and Delia D.P.G. Fernández, MSc and Ana Fernández-Teijeiro, MD, PhD and Allen Foster, FRCOphth and Shahar Frenkel, MD, PhD and Ligia D. Fu, MD and Soad L. Fuentes-Alabi, MD, MPH and Juan L. Garcia, MSc and David García Aldana, MD and Henry N. Garcia Pacheco, MD and Jennifer A. Geel, MBChB, MMed and Fariba Ghassemi, MD and Ana V. Girón, MD and Marco A. Goenz, MD and Aaron S. Gold, OD and Hila Golberg, MD and Glen A. Gole, MD, FRANZCO and Nir Gomel, MD and Efren Gonzalez, MD and Graciela Gonzalez Perez, MD and Liudmira González-Rodríguez, MD and Malka Gorfine, PhD and Jaime Graells, MD and Pernille A. Gregersen, MD and Nathalia D.A.K. Grigorovski, MD and Koffi M. Guedenon, MD and D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, MD and Ahmet K. Gündüz, MD and Himika Gupta, MD and Sanjiv Gupta, MS and Vineeta Gupta, MD and Theodora Hadjistilianou, MD and Patrick Hamel, MD and Syed A. Hamid, FCPS and Norhafizah Hamzah, MSc and Eric D. Hansen, MD and J William Harbour, MD and M. Elizabeth Hartnett, MD and Murat Hasanreisoglu, MD and Sadiq Hassan, MD, FWACS and Shadab Hassan, FRCS, FCPS and Wojciech Hautz, MD and Huda A. Haydar, CHD and Stanislava Hederova, MD and Laila Hessissen, MD and Hoby Lalaina, MD and Suradej Hongeng, MD and Diriba F. Hordofa, MD and G. Baker Hubbard, MD and Marlies Hummlen, MD and Kristina Husakova, MD and Allawi N. Hussein Al-Janabi, MD and Affiong A. Ibanga, MB.BCh, FMCOph and Russo Ida, MD and Vesna R. Ilic, MD and Ziyavuddin Islamov, MD and Vivekaraj Jairaj, DNB and Teyyeb A. Janjua, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd and Irfan Jeeva, FRCOphth and Xunda Ji, MD and Dong Hyun Jo, MD, PhD and Michael M. Jones, MD, PhD, FRANZCO and Theophile B. Amani Kabesha, MD, PhD and Rolande L. Kabore, MD and Swathi Kaliki, MD and Abubakar Kalinaki, MD and Pius Kamsang, MD and Mehmet Kantar, MD and Noa Kapelushnik, MD and Tamar Kardava, PhD and Rejin Kebudi, MD and Jonny Keomisy, MD and Tomas Kepak, MD and Petra Ketteler, MD and Zohora J. Khan, MD and Hussain A. Khaqan, MD and Vikas Khetan, FRCS, FACS and Alireza Khodabande, MD and Zaza Khotenashvili, MD and Jonathan W. Kim, MD and Jeong Hun Kim, MD, PhD and Hayyam Kiratli, MD and Tero T. Kivelä, MD and Artur Klett, MD, PhD and Irem Koç, MD and Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet, MD and Dalia Krivaitiene, MD, PhD and Mariana Kruger, Mmed Paed, PhD and Kittisak Kulvichit, MD and Mayasari W. Kuntorini, MD and Alice Kyara, BA and Geoffrey C. Lam, FRANZCO and Scott A. Larson, MD and Slobodanka Latinović, MD, PhD and Kelly D. Laurenti, MD and Yotam Lavi, MD, PhD and Alenka Lavric Groznik, MD and Amy A. Leverant, MD and Cairui Li, MD and Kaijun Li, MD and Ben Limbu, MD and Chun-Hsiu Liu, MD and Quah Boon Long, FRCS (Ed), MMed ( Ophth), FAMS and Juan P. López, MD and Robert M. Lukamba, MD and Sandra Luna-Fineman, MD and Delfitri Lutfi, MD and Lesia Lysytsia, MD and Shiran Madgar, MD and George N. Magrath, MD and Amita Mahajan, MD and Puja Maitra, MD and Erika Maka, MD and Emil K. Makimbetov, MD and Azza M.Y. Maktabi, MD and Carlos Maldonado, MD and Ashwin Mallipatna, MD and Rebecca Manudhane, MD and Lyazat Manzhuova, MD and Nieves Martín Begue, MD, PhD and Sidra Masud, MBBS and Ibrahim O. Matende, MD, M. Med (Oph) and Clarissa C.D.S. Mattosinho, MD and Marchelo Matua, BAPH and Ismail Mayet, MD and Freddy B. Mbumba, MD, MMed Paed and John D. McKenzie, MD and Azim Mehrvar, MD and Aemero A. Mengesha, MD and Vikas Menon, MD and Gary John V.D.D. Mercado, MD and Marilyn B. Mets, MD and Edoardo Midena, MD, PhD and Audra Miller, MD and Divyansh K.C. Mishra, DNB and Furahini G. Mndeme, MD and Ahmed A. Mohamedani, FRCPath and Mona T. Mohammad, MD, FRCS and Annette C. Moll, MD, PhD and Margarita M. Montero, MD and Claude Moreira, MD, PhD and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS and Mchikirwa S. Msina, MMed Ophth and Gerald Msukwa, MMed Ophth and Sangeeta S. Mudaliar, DNB Pediatric and Hassan Muhammad, MD and Kangwa I. Muma, MMed Ophth, FCOphth and Francis L. Munier, MD and Timothy G. Murray, MD, MBA and Kareem O. Musa, FWACS, FMCOphth, FICO and Asma Mushtaq, MD and Anne A. Musika, MD and Hamzah Mustak, MD and Tajudeen Mustapha, MBBS, FWACS and Okwen M. Muyen, MD and Khumo H. Myezo, Msc and Gita Naidu, MMed Paed, PhD and Natasha Naidu, MBCHB, FCS Ophthalmol and Akshay Gopinathan Nair, MD and Sundaram Natarajan, FRCS and Larisa Naumenko, MD, PhD and Paule Aïda Ndoye Roth, MD PhD and Yetty M. Nency, MD and Vladimir Neroev, MD, PhD and Yvonne Ng, MBChB ( Auckland) , FRANZCO and Marina Nikitovic, MD, PhD and Elizabeth D. Nkanga, FMCOph and Henry E. Nkumbe, MD and Marcel N. Numbi, MD and Kalle Nummi, MD and Murtuza Nuruddin, FRCS and Mutale Nyaywa, MD, MMed Ophth, FCOphth and Chinsisi Nyirenda, MD and Ghislaine Obono-Obiang, MD and Scott C.N. Oliver, MD and Joaquin Ooporto, MD and Miriam Ortega-Hernández, MD and Alexander Oscar, MD and Diego Ossandon, MD and Halimah Pagarra, MD, PhD and Vivian Paintsil, FWACP and Luisa Paiva, MD and Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, FRCSED and Ruzanna Papyan, MD and Raffaele Parrozzani, MD, PhD and Claudia R. Pascual Morales, MD and Katherine E. Paton, MD, FRCSC and Jacob Pe'er, MD and Jesús Peralta Calvo, MD and Sanja Perić, MD, PhD and Chau T.M. Pham, MD and Remezo Philbert, MD and David A. Plager, MD and Pavel Pochop, MD, PhD and Rodrigo A. Polania, MD and Vladimir Polyakov, MD and Jimena Ponce, MD and Ali O. Qadir, MD and Seema Qayyum, FCPS and Jiang Qian, MD and Ardizal Rahman, MD and Purnima Rajkarnikar, MD and Rajesh Ramanjulu, MD and Aparna Ramasubramanian, MD and Marco A. Ramirez-Ortiz, MD, MPH and Jasmeen K. Randhawa, BA and Léa Raobela, MD and Riffat Rashid, MS and M. Ashwin Reddy, FRCOphth and Lorna A. Renner, FRCPCH (UK) and David Reynders, MD and Dahiru Ribadu, FMCOph and Petra Ritter-Sovinz, MD and Anna Rogowska, MD and Duangnate Rojanaporn, MD and Livia Romero, MD and Soma R. Roy, DCO and Raya H. Saab, MD and Svetlana Saakyan, MD, PhD and Ahmed H. Sabhan, MD and Mandeep S. Sagoo, FRCS (Ed) and Azza M.A. Said, MD and Rohit Saiju, MD and Beatriz Salas, MD and Sonsoles San Román Pacheco, MD and Gissela L. Sánchez, MD and Alma Janeth Sanchez Orozco, MD and Phayvanh Sayalith, MD and Trish A. Scanlan, MRCPI, MSc and Christoph Schwab, MD and Ahad Sedaghat, MD and Rachna Seth, DNB MNAMS and Mariana Sgroi, MD and Ankoor S. Shah, MD, PhD and Shawkat A. Shakoor, MS and Manoj K. Sharma, MD and Sadik T. Sherief, MD and Carol L. Shields, MD and David Sia, MB ChB, FRANZCO and Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, MD and Sidi Sidi cheikh, MD, PhD and Sónia Silva, MD and Arun D. Singh, MD and Usha Singh, MS and Penny Singha, MD and Rita S. Sitorus, MD, PhD and Alison H. Skalet, MD, PhD and Hendrian D. Soebagjo, MD, PhD and Tetyana Sorochynska, MD, PhD and Grace Ssali, MD and Andrew W. Stacey, MD and Sandra E. Staffieri, PhD and Erin D. Stahl, MD and David M. Steinberg, PhD and David K. Stones, MBChB, FCPaed and Caron Strahlendorf, MD and Maria Estela Coleoni Suarez, MD and Sadia Sultana, FCPS and Xiantao Sun, MD and Rosanne Superstein, MD and Eddy Supriyadi, MD, PhD and Supawan Surukrattanaskul, MD and Shigenobu Suzuki, MD, PhD and Karel Svojgr, MD, PhD and Fatoumata Sylla, MD and Gevorg Tamamyan, MD, PhD and Deborah Tan, MBBS and Alketa Tandili, MD, PhD and Jing Tang, MD and Fanny F. Tarrillo Leiva, MD and Maryam Tashvighi, MD and Bekim Tateshi, MD, PhD and Kok Hoi Teh, MD and Edi S. Tehuteru, MD and Luiz F. Teixeira, MD and Manca Tekavcic Pompe, MD, PhD and Abdullah Dahan M. Thawaba, MD and Tuyisabe Theophile, MSc and Helen Toledano, MBChB and Doan L. Trang, MD and Fousseyni Traoré, MD and Devjyoti Tripathy, MD and Samuray Tuncer, MD and Harba Tyau-Tyau, MD and Ali B. Umar, MD, FMCPath and Emel Unal, MD and Ogul E. Uner, BA and Steen F. Urbak, MD, PhD and Tatiana L. Ushakova, MD and Rustam H. Usmanov, MD and Sandra Valeina, MD and Paola Valente, MD and Milo van Hoefen Wijsard, MD and Jacqueline Karina Vasquez Anchaya, MD and Leon O. Vaughan, FRCS (Ed) and Nevyana V. Veleva-Krasteva, MD, PhD and Nishant Verma, MD and Andi A. Victor, MD, PhD and Maris Viksnins, MD and Edwin G. Villacís Chafla, MD and Victor M. Villegas, MD and Victoria Vishnevskia-Dai, MD and Keith Waddell, DM, FRCP, FRCS, FRCOphth and Amina H. Wali, MD, FMCOph Nigeria and Yi-Zhuo Wang, MD and Nutsuchar Wangtiraumnuay, MD, FICO and Julie A. Wetter, MMed Rad Onc, FCRad Onc and Widiarti P. Riono, MD and Matthew W. Wilson, MD and Amelia D.C. Wime, MD and Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, MD and Damrong Wiwatwongwana, MD and Charlotte Wolley Dod, MD and Emily S. Wong, FCOphth HK, FHKAM and Phanthipha Wongwai, MD, PhD and Si-qi Wu, MSc and Daoman Xiang, MD, PhD and Yishuang Xiao, MSc and Bing Xu, MD and Kang Xue, MD and Antonio Yaghy, MD and Jason C. Yam, FRCSEd and Huasheng Yang, MD and Jenny M. Yanga, MD and Muhammad A. Yaqub, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd and Vera A. Yarovaya, MD and Andrey A. Yarovoy, MD, PhD and Huijing Ye, MD and Roberto I. Yee, MD and Yacoub A. Yousef, MD and Putu Yuliawati, MD and Arturo M. López, MD and Ekhtelbenina Zein, MD and Yi Zhang, MD, PhD and Katsiaryna Zhilyaeva, MD and Nida Zia, MBBS, MCPS and Othman A.O. Ziko, MD, PhD and Marcia Zondervan, MBA and Sabrina Schlüter, MD and Richard Bowman, FRCOphth}, title = {Retinoblastoma with and without Extraocular Tumor Extension}, year = {2025}, journal = {DOAJ}, doi = {10.1016/j.xops.2024.100637}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524001738}, }

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Tahun Terbit: 2025
Sumber Database: DOAJ
DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100637
Akses: Open Access ✓