Ultrasound pretreatment prior to spray drying improve the flowability and water sorption properties of micellar casein concentrate

This research investigated the effect of ultrasound (US) pretreatment prior to spray drying on the powder flow and moisture sorption behaviour of micellar casein concentrate (MCC). MCC produced from skim milk microfiltration was sonicated at energy intensity of 0 (control), 47 J/mL (S-2000), 62 J/mL (S-3000) and 76 J/mL (S-4000). The results revealed that US pretreatment significantly increased the average particle size (D50) from 82.46 μm to 100.73 μm and reduced the surface fat content from 19.2% to 13.8%, resulting in decreased basic flow energy, cake energy and cohesion. Besides, the US treated samples showed relatively poor ability to acquire the moisture from the atmosphere than the control. Protein structure analysis showed that α-helix decreased with enhanced US power, while β-sheet and surface hydrophobicity increased, implying hydrophobic groups were exposed and water sorption rate was impeded. As a result, US pretreatment can improve the powder flow and potentially reduce the negative effect of cake formation at high humidity.