Large-amplitude electrostatic fluctuations at the Earth’s magnetopause with a vortex-like distribution of hot electrons

Large-amplitude electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) associated with asymmetric magnetic reconnection at the Earth’s magnetopause are studied in a four-component plasma composed of a mixture of the magnetosheath and magnetosphere plasma of a cold, warm and hot electron populations, and background ions. The species are modeled as adiabatic fluids except for the hot electrons which have a kinetic vortex-like velocity distribution. The hybrid model uses the Sagdeev pseudopotential technique to study the arbitrary amplitude ion- and electron-acoustic solitons and double layers. The numerical computations reveal that for the parameters corresponding to magnetosphere side of the ion diffusion region, only slow electron-acoustic solitons and double layer can exist. On the magnetosheath side of the ion diffusion region, only the electron-acoustic/beam solitons can exist. The electric field amplitude of the electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) predicted by our model are consistent with the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations.