Development and characterization of an epoxy matrix composite reinforced with Al2O3 embedded banyan fibers for secondary structural applications

The demand for sustainable, high-performance composites is increasing in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction. However, conventional fiber-reinforced polymer composites suffer from environmental limitations, poor bioactivity, and fatigue susceptibility. This study develops a novel epoxy matrix composite reinforced with 3 % (12 g) Al₂O₃ embedded banyan fibers to enhance mechanical strength and bioactivity. Experimental analysis demonstrates notable improvements in the sample with 12 g Al₂O₃, tensile strength (67.49 MPa), flexural strength (69.38 MPa), impact energy (19.47 kJ/m²), and Shore D hardness (47). Fatigue testing confirms durability, withstanding 40 MPa stress for 14,000 cycles due to improved fiber-matrix bonding and uniform filler dispersion. Scanning Electron Microscopy validates structural integrity, while antibacterial assessments show a 12 mm inhibition zone against Streptococcus pyogenes and significant biofilm reduction via Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. These findings highlight the composite’s potential for applications requiring mechanical durability and bioactivity, including medical devices and bioactive environments.