Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic assessment of (2Z)-2(arylimino)-2Hchromene-3-carboxamides: An in vitro-in silico study by applying ANN-GA, MCDM, and RSM optimization techniques

This study investigates four novel iminocoumarin derivatives (3–6), previously synthesized and characterized, for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 g/mL). Artificial neural network (ANN) approaches and response surface methodology (RSM) were used in a two-variable process that comprised iminocoumarins and concentrations to determine the impact of these compounds on the parameters that were monitored. The results indicated that the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay investigated the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds. The compounds expressed a remarkable DPPH inhibitory effect with IC₅₀ values in the range of 45.04 and 108.61 μg/ml. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using an in vitro heat-induced hemolysis method. At 400 μg/ml, the percentage of erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition of these compounds ranged from 18.23 ± 0.18 % to 64.52 ± 0.13 %. The antidiabetic activity was determined in vitro by the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory effects. The synthesized compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values ranging between 111.25 μg/ml and 337.2 μg/ml and alpha-amylase with IC₅₀ values ranging between 101.84 μg/ml and 339.81 μg/ml. Additionally, the synthesized compounds underwent a molecular docking study against alpha-amylase. Moreover, there is a good correlation between experimental data and the ANN and RSM models. The R2 values for the inhibition of DPPH, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and inflammation are 99.50 %, 98.96 %, 99.69 %, and 99.84 %, respectively; it is demonstrating the artificial neural network model's notable better accuracy and excellent agreement with the experimental findings. Thereby, the prepared molecules could serve as potential agents for the development of more powerful and effective antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antidiabetic compounds.