Constructing a personalized nomogram model for predicting anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer

The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL) after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and to construct a nomogram prediction model for AL after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. We selected 366 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer in our hospital between January 2021 and December 2023 as the research subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for AL after laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer, and a nomogram model for AL after radical resection for rectal cancer was constructed and validated. Our results showed among 366 patients with rectal cancer, 42 patients developed AL after surgery, and the incidence rate of AL was 11.48%. Logistic regression analysis results showed that gender, preoperative intestinal obstruction, distance between the tumor and the anal edge ≤7 cm, and diabetes were risk factors for AL after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer (P < 0.05). The calibration curve of the nomogram model for AL after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer showed that the model's predicted value and actual value fit well, and the area under the curve of the model was 0.859, (95%CI: 0.807–0.912). Overall, gender, preoperative intestinal obstruction, distance between the tumor and the anal verge ≤7 cm, and diabetes are risk factors for AL after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. The nomogram model of AL after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer has high accuracy and has a certain guiding significance for formulating prevention and treatment strategies in advance.