Peak soil: Is it a useful concept?

The concept of peak soil, the hypothetical point at which global soil productivity enters a sustained decline, has emerged as a metaphor for soil degradation. However, there is currently no globally accepted framework for assessing and communicating the status of soil degradation. In addition, the peak soil concept has not been critically analysed. This paper addresses this gap by critically evaluating the conceptual and scientific robustness of the peak soil metaphor, particularly in relation to soil capacity, condition, and socio-economic management. We contrast this metaphor with the soil security framework, which integrates five dimensions: capacity, condition, capital, connectivity, and codification. Drawing on a review of scientific literature and case studies, we argue that while peak soil serves as a powerful tool for raising public and policy awareness, it lacks scientific precision, particularly in assessing soil condition and capacity. The concept is ambiguous and overlooks the regenerative nature of soil systems. In contrast, the soil security assessment framework offers analytical rigour, enabling scientific evaluation while incorporating socio-economic and governance factors critical for sustainable soil management. We conclude by recommending enhancements to the peak soil concept, including suggestions for the development of clear, regionally adapted metrics. Furthermore, we propose integrating its communicative strengths with the multidimensional soil security concept to better inform policy and guide effective action.