Emerging nanomaterials for novel wound dressings: From metallic nanoparticles and MXene nanosheets to metal-organic frameworks

The growing need for developing reliable and efficient wound dressings has led to recent progress in designing novel materials and formulations for different kinds of wounds caused by traumas, burns, surgeries, and diabetes. In cases of extreme urgency, accelerating wound recovery is of high importance to prevent persistent infection and biofilm formation. The application of nanotechnology in this domain resulted in the creation of distinct nanoplatforms for highly advanced wound-healing therapeutic approaches. Recently developed nanomaterials have been used as antibacterial agents or drug carriers to control wound infection. In the present review, the authors aim to review the recently published research on the effects of incorporating emerging nanomaterials into novel wound dressings and investigate their distinct roles in the wound healing process. It was determined that the metallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit antimicrobial and regenerative properties, metal oxide NPs regulate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration, MXene NPs enhance cell adhesion and proliferation, while metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer controlled drug delivery capabilities. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms and optimize the applications of these NPs in wound healing.